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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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[Chronic meningitis: differential diagnosis].

T de Broucker1, L Martinez-Almoyna

  • 1Service de neurologie, hôpital Delafontaine, 2 rue du Dr-Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, France. thomas.debroucker@ch-stdenis.fr

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|June 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic meningitis, lasting over a month with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid, requires a broad differential diagnosis. Key causes include tuberculosis, cryptococcus, and cancer, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Chronic meningitis is defined by symptoms exceeding one month and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cellularity.
  • It accounts for approximately 10% of all meningitis cases.
  • Diagnosis relies on patient history, lifestyle, immune status, clinical signs, and systematic etiological investigation.

Purpose:

  • To outline a diagnostic strategy for chronic meningitis.
  • To review common and rare causes of chronic meningitis based on existing literature.

Summary:

  • The paper details an etiological approach for diagnosing chronic meningitis.
  • It reviews prevalent causes like tuberculous, cryptococcal (particularly in immunosuppressed patients), and carcinomatous meningitis.
  • Rare causes are also discussed.

Impact:

  • Provides a framework for clinicians to diagnose chronic meningitis efficiently.
  • Enhances understanding of the diverse etiological landscape of chronic meningitis.
  • Aids in identifying specific causes, guiding targeted treatment strategies.