Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fast Reactions

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Discovery of a Novel Lung-Restricted ALK5 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026

Same author

Longitudinal analysis of body weight reveals homeostatic and adaptive traits linked to lifespan in diversity outbred mice.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

The Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Comorbidities on Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Recurrence After Image-Guided Superficial Radiation Therapy.

Cancers·2024

Same author

Design, Synthesis, and Activity of a Novel Series of Pyridazine-Based ALK5 Inhibitors.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2024

Same author

Noise Tolerant Photonic Bowtie Grating Environmental Sensor.

ACS sensors·2024

Same author

Bilateral Linear Porokeratosis Treated With Topical Lovastatin 2% Monotherapy.

Cureus·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

NMR ¹⁵N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

Ultrafast T1-T2 relaxometry using FLOP sequences.

Luca Venturi¹, Kevin Wright, Brian Hills

¹Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)

|June 24, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new magnetic resonance imaging method, steady-state Flipped LOngitudinal Polarisation (FLOP), enables rapid T(1)-T(2) relaxation spectrum acquisition. This technique effectively stores T(1) relaxation information for faster imaging.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

¹⁵N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

NMR 15N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

NMR ¹⁵N Relaxation Experiments for the Investigation of Picosecond to Nanoseconds Structural Dynamics of Proteins

Published on: November 1, 2024

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Published on: December 18, 2016

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

¹⁵N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Biophysics
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Background:

T(1) and T(2) relaxation times are crucial parameters in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for tissue characterization.
Current methods for acquiring T(1)-T(2) relaxation spectra can be time-consuming, limiting their clinical applicability.
Developing faster acquisition techniques is essential for improving MRI efficiency and diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel pulse sequence for the rapid acquisition of two-dimensional T(1)-T(2) relaxation time spectra.
To demonstrate the capability of the proposed sequence in establishing a steady-state longitudinal magnetization that encodes T(1) relaxation information.

Main Methods:

Development of a pulse sequence named steady-state Flipped LOngitudinal Polarisation (FLOP).
Utilizing a chain of 180-degree pulses to periodically flip longitudinal magnetization.
Implementing the FLOP sequence in both periodic and a-periodic modes for T(1)-T(2) spectrum acquisition.

Main Results:

The FLOP sequence successfully establishes a steady-state longitudinal polarization.
This steady-state effectively stores T(1) relaxation information.
The method allows for fast acquisition of two-dimensional T(1)-T(2) relaxation time spectra.

Conclusions:

The periodic or a-periodic FLOP-T(1)-T(2) sequences offer a significant advancement in MRI.
These sequences enable efficient and rapid measurement of T(1)-T(2) relaxation properties.
This technique holds promise for accelerated MRI examinations and enhanced tissue differentiation.