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Status of foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan

Syed M Jamal1, S Ahmed, Manzoor Hussain

  • 1National Veterinary Laboratory, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan. jamal115@yahoo.com

Archives of Virology
|June 24, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O was most common in Pakistan from 1952-2007. Cattle were more affected than buffaloes, with outbreaks peaking January-March due to livestock movement.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
  • Understanding FMD virus (FMDV) serotype distribution is crucial for effective control strategies.
  • Pakistan has a significant livestock population, making it vulnerable to FMD outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the distribution and prevalence of FMDV serotypes in Pakistan over a 56-year period (1952-2007).
  • To identify the most common FMDV serotypes and their temporal and geographical patterns.
  • To investigate the influence of host species and seasonal factors on FMD prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of laboratory data from epithelial samples collected between 1952 and 2007.
  • Serotyping of FMDV isolates to determine the prevalent types.
  • Mapping of laboratory-confirmed FMD outbreaks and associated serotypes from 2002 to 2007.
  • Statistical analysis to assess prevalence differences between host species and identify seasonal trends.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1,543 out of 2,484 tested samples were positive for FMDV.
  • Serotype O was the most prevalent (p < 0.001), followed by Asia-1 and A. Serotype C was rare, detected only in specific years.
  • FMD was significantly more prevalent in cattle than buffaloes (p < 0.0001).
  • Geographical mapping revealed outbreak patterns, with a higher incidence between January and March, potentially linked to livestock movement for Eidul Azha.

Conclusions:

  • Serotype O has been the dominant FMDV serotype in Pakistan for decades.
  • Cattle represent a more susceptible host population compared to buffaloes.
  • Seasonal increases in FMD outbreaks correlate with livestock movement, highlighting the importance of biosecurity during such periods.

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