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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Apoptosis: understanding programmed cell death for the CRNA.

Paul S Bennetts1, Janet D Pierce

  • 1Department of Nurse Anesthesia Education, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA. pbennetts@kumc.edu

AANA Journal
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is vital for tissue homeostasis. Anesthesia drugs may affect apoptosis, impacting patient health, with propofol showing potential antioxidant benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental physiologic process essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms.
  • It balances cell proliferation via mitosis, ensuring the removal of obsolete cells.
  • Dysregulation of apoptosis is implicated in various human diseases, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, and endocrine disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current information on apoptosis for nurse anesthesia providers.
  • To discuss the role of apoptosis in comorbid diseases.
  • To evaluate the implications of anesthesia drugs' effects on apoptotic mechanisms for surgical patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on apoptosis and anesthesia.

More Related Videos

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

  • Analysis of biochemical pathways and signaling processes involved in apoptosis.
  • Examination of research on anesthetic agents' impact on apoptosis, including reactive oxygen species production.

    • Main Results:

    • Anesthetic drugs have been shown to induce apoptosis in animal models, potentially via reactive oxygen species.
    • Propofol, an anesthetic agent, possesses antioxidant properties that may offer therapeutic benefits.
    • Understanding these effects is crucial for assessing risks and benefits in surgical patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Apoptosis is a critical cellular process with significant implications for health and disease.
    • Anesthesia's influence on apoptosis warrants careful consideration due to potential neurodegenerative effects.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand and leverage the effects of anesthetic agents like propofol on apoptotic pathways.