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Prenatal and perinatal complications: is it the link between race and SES and childhood sleep disordered breathing?

Susan L Calhoun1, Alexandros N Vgontzas, Susan D Mayes

  • 1Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. scalhoun@psu.edu

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|June 25, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Prenatal and perinatal distress are linked to childhood sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Delayed motor milestones remain a key indicator of SDB risk, even after accounting for socioeconomic status and race.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is increasingly recognized.
  • Low socioeconomic status (SES), race, prematurity, and maternal smoking are potential risk factors for SDB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate associations between SDB and various risk factors, including prenatal/perinatal complications.
  • Examine the relationship between these complications, SES, and race.
  • Determine the link between SDB and developmental milestones.

Main Methods:

  • Overnight polysomnography was performed on 613 school-aged children (105 referred, 508 controls).
  • Comprehensive child development questionnaires were completed by parents.
  • Clinically referred children with SDB were compared to population-based controls without SDB.

Main Results:

  • Maternal smoking, pregnancy complications (hypertension, diabetes), prematurity complications, delayed motor milestones, race, and SES were associated with SDB.
  • Most risk factors lost significance when controlling for race and SES.
  • Delayed motor milestones remained significantly associated with SDB.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal or perinatal distress is significantly associated with moderate to severe childhood SDB.
  • SES and race may mediate SDB risk through increased prenatal/perinatal complications.
  • Delayed motor milestones suggest potential neurologic insult from distress, influencing later childhood SDB.
Abstract

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