Unravelling R gene-mediated disease resistance pathways in Arabidopsis

Abstract Molecular genetic approaches were adopted in the model crucifer, Arabidopsis thaliana, to unravel components of RPP5- and RPP1-mediated disease resistance to the oomycete pathogen, Peronospora parasitica. The products of RPP5 and three genes comprising the RPP1 complex locus belong to a major subclass of nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) resistance (R) protein that has amino-terminal homology to the cytoplasmic domains of Drosophila and mammalian Toll and interleukin-1 family receptors (the so called 'TIR' domain). Similarities in the domain architecture of these proteins and animal regulators of programmed cell death have also been observed. Mutational screens revealed a number of genes that are required for RPP5-conditioned resistance. Among these are EDS1 and PAD4. Both EDS1 and PAD4 precede the function of salicylic acid-mediated plant responses. The EDS1 and PAD4 genes were cloned and found to encode proteins with similarity to the catalytic site of eukaryotic lipases, suggesting that they may function by hydrolysing a lipid-based substrate.