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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

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Published on: December 29, 2015

Cucumber mosaic virus, a model for RNA virus evolution.

M J Roossinck¹

¹Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA.

Molecular Plant Pathology

|June 25, 2010

Summary

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a broad-host-range virus with a segmented RNA genome. Its satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can significantly alter disease symptoms in plants.

Area of Science:

Plant virology
Molecular biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type member of the Cucumovirus genus, family Bromoviridae.
CMV has a broad host range, infecting over 1000 plant species across 85 families.
CMV particles are icosahedral (T=3), approximately 29 nm in diameter, containing 18% RNA.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the taxonomic relationships, physical properties, and biological characteristics of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).
To highlight the role of satellite RNAs (satRNAs) in modulating CMV-induced symptoms.
To provide an overview of CMV's extensive host range and transmission mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Genomic analysis of CMV RNA components (RNA 1, 2, 3, and subgenomic RNAs).

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Structural characterization of CMV virions (size, symmetry, composition).

Investigation of CMV host range and aphid-mediated nonpersistent transmission.

Main Results:

CMV has three genomic RNAs (RNA 1, 2, 3) and a subgenomic RNA (RNA 4), with RNA 3 exchangeable within the genus.
CMV virions are labile, icosahedral particles (29 nm) composed of 180 subunits and 18% RNA.
CMV exhibits an exceptionally broad host range and is transmitted by aphids; satellite RNAs can alter disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

CMV is a significant plant pathogen due to its wide host range and the influence of satRNAs on disease severity.
Understanding CMV's genomic structure and physical properties is crucial for disease management.
CMV's biological characteristics, including its broad host range and aphid transmission, contribute to its widespread impact on agriculture.