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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
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Assessment of spatial BOLD sensitivity variations in fMRI using gradient-echo field maps.

Peter Mannfolk1, Ronnie Wirestam, Markus Nilsson

  • 1Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund, Sweden. peter.mannfolk@med.lu.se

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Gradient-echo field maps can predict blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) sensitivity in functional MRI (fMRI). This method helps assess spatial variations affecting fMRI experiments, improving presurgical planning and understanding brain activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Clinical functional MRI (fMRI) using gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) is valuable for presurgical planning.
  • Macroscopic field inhomogeneities can affect BOLD sensitivity (BS) in GE-EPI images, impacting the accuracy of neural activation detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively map BOLD sensitivity (BS) using gradient-echo field maps.
  • To validate the accuracy of predicted BOLD sensitivity (pBS) maps derived from field maps.
  • To assess the influence of subject motion and investigate pBS in clinically relevant brain areas.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated quantitative BS maps directly from gradient-echo field maps.
  • Validated BS maps using a phantom with known shim gradients and comparing measured GE-EPI intensity with predicted image intensity (pII).
  • Assessed the influence of subject motion and mapped pBS in the hippocampus, Broca's area, and primary motor cortex in healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

  • Validated expressions for pII accurately predicted image intensity loss.
  • pBS maps revealed systematic left/right differences in Broca's area and hippocampus, likely due to system-specific magnetic field inhomogeneity.
  • Hippocampus showed pBS values above unity with an anterior-posterior gradient and an abrupt drop in anterior regions.

Conclusions:

  • Gradient-echo field maps accurately predict BOLD sensitivity (BS).
  • The derived predicted BOLD sensitivity (pBS) parameter is useful for assessing spatial variations that influence fMRI experiments.
  • This technique can enhance the reliability of fMRI for clinical applications like presurgical planning.