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Area of Science:

  • Radiochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Americium-241 (241Am) is a high-risk radionuclide with potential for misuse.
  • Urine bioassay is critical for identifying individuals contaminated with 241Am, enabling timely medical intervention.
  • Accurate measurement of 241Am in urine is essential for public health and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of three analytical methods for quantifying 241Am in urine.
  • To evaluate liquid scintillation counting (LSC), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and gamma spectrometry (GS) for 241Am bioassay.
  • To determine the suitability of these methods based on accuracy, sensitivity, and practicality in bioassay laboratories.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of three methods: LSC, ICP-MS, and GS.
  • Analysis of urine samples spiked with 241Am at concentrations of 20 and 2 Bq L(-1).
  • Evaluation against ANSI N13.30 radio-bioassay criteria for accuracy and repeatability.

Main Results:

  • All three methods (LSC, ICP-MS, GS) met the ANSI N13.30 criteria for accuracy and repeatability.
  • ICP-MS demonstrated superior sensitivity and the fastest sample processing time.
  • LSC and GS are widely available, with GS requiring minimal sample preparation and offering potential for automation to improve throughput.

Conclusions:

  • LSC, ICP-MS, and GS are all viable methods for 241Am urine bioassay.
  • ICP-MS offers the best analytical performance but may have limited accessibility.
  • GS is a practical alternative due to its availability and minimal sample preparation, especially when automated.