Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Performance of the cobas® HBV RNA automated investigational assay for the detection and quantification of circulating HBV RNA in chronic HBV patients.

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·2022
Same author

A Novel On-Chip Liquid-Metal-Enabled Microvalve.

Micromachines·2021
Same author

Research on Effectiveness of Prior Cancer on Survival Outcomes for Patients with Nonmetastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Competing Risk Analysis and Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the SEER Database.

Journal of oncology·2021
Same author

Suppressing chlorophyll degradation by silencing OsNYC3 improves rice resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight.

Plant biotechnology journal·2021
Same author

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and its metabolite protocatechuic acid ameliorate 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by regulating apoptotic and Nrf2/p62 pathways.

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·2021
Same author

Mitochondrion-Anchored Photosensitizer with Near Infrared-I Aggregation-Induced Emission for Near Infrared-II Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy.

Advanced healthcare materials·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish
07:01

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish

Published on: April 22, 2019

Rapid sequence and expression divergence suggest selection for novel function in primate-specific KRAB-ZNF genes.

Katja Nowick1, Aaron T Hamilton, Huimin Zhang

  • 1Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Recent segmental duplications (SDs) created new primate-specific KRAB zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) genes. These duplicates rapidly evolved diverse structures and functions, suggesting selection for novel regulatory pathways in primates.

More Related Videos

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
10:08

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

Published on: December 21, 2021

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function
10:06

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function

Published on: October 19, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish
07:01

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish

Published on: April 22, 2019

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
10:08

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

Published on: December 21, 2021

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function
10:06

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function

Published on: October 19, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recent segmental duplications (SDs) provide novel genetic material for evolution.
  • KRAB zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) transcription factors are crucial regulators and are enriched in primate SDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional diversity of 70 human KRAB-ZNF genes from recent primate SD events.
  • To understand the evolutionary trajectory of KRAB-ZNF genes within the hominid lineage.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene structure, sequence, expression, and splicing patterns.
  • Evolutionary analysis of KRAB-ZNF paralogs in primate lineages.

Main Results:

  • Many young KRAB-ZNF gene pairs show significant differences in structure, sequence, expression, and splicing.
  • KRAB-ZNF paralogs in the human lineage evolved faster than those in ancestral primates.
  • A substantial portion of recent primate-specific KRAB-ZNF duplicates acquired novel functions.

Conclusions:

  • Recently evolved primate-specific KRAB-ZNF genes exhibit rapid diversification.
  • These findings suggest ongoing selection for regulatory diversity in primates.
  • Novel functions of duplicated KRAB-ZNF genes may define new regulatory pathways.