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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

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Alternative control: what's WASp doing in the nucleus?

Michael A Teitell1

  • 1Department of Pathology, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. mteitell@ucla.edu

Science Translational Medicine
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) impairs immunity through nuclear WASp. This protein regulates gene expression by modifying chromatin, affecting T helper 1 cell differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked immunodeficiency.
  • Mutations in the WAS gene cause WAS, affecting hematopoietic cells.
  • WAS protein (WASp) is crucial for T helper 1 (TH1) lymphocyte differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel mechanisms of immune dysfunction in WAS.
  • To explore the role of WASp beyond its known cytoplasmic functions.
  • To elucidate how WAS gene mutations impact TH1 cell regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of WASp localization in hematopoietic cells.
  • Investigation of WASp's role in nuclear processes.
  • Assessment of histone modifications and chromatin structure.
  • Gene expression analysis of TBX21 (TBET) in WAS.

Main Results:

  • WASp was found to localize within the nucleus.
  • Nuclear WASp regulates histone modifications and chromatin structure.
  • WASp modulates the expression of the TH1 master gene TBX21 (TBET).

Conclusions:

  • WASp has a nuclear function impacting immune cell differentiation.
  • Nuclear WASp's role in chromatin regulation offers a new understanding of WAS pathogenesis.
  • Targeting nuclear WASp function may present therapeutic strategies for WAS.