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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
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Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

Programming differentiation potential in mesenchymal stem cells.

Philippe Collas1

  • 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway. philippe.collas@medisin.uio.no

Epigenetics
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell fate decisions involve complex gene regulation. While DNA methylation and histone modifications are important, they don't fully predict mesenchymal stem cell differentiation outcomes, suggesting other factors are involved.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cell Fate Determination

Background:

  • Cell fate decisions are governed by intricate gene expression regulatory networks.
  • Epigenetic states, particularly in embryonic stem cell differentiation, have been widely studied.
  • Recent research explores chromatin-based mechanisms in adult progenitor cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of epigenetic mechanisms in adult progenitor cell differentiation.
  • To determine the predictive capacity of DNA methylation and histone modifications for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
  • To identify key regulatory layers involved in cell fate commitment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of promoter DNA methylation patterns in mesenchymal stem cells.
  • Assessment of post-translational histone modifications on gene promoters.
  • Correlation of epigenetic states with differentiation capacity and transcriptional outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Promoter DNA methylation patterns do not appear to be the primary drivers of gene activation potential or differentiation capacity in mesenchymal stem cells.
  • Post-translational histone modifications facilitate a permissive state for differentiation but do not reliably predict the final transcriptional outcome.
  • Current epigenetic markers are insufficient to fully explain or predict cell fate commitment.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic factors like DNA methylation and histone modifications play a role but are not the sole determinants of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
  • Additional regulatory layers beyond established epigenetic marks are crucial for understanding and predicting cell fate.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complete regulatory network governing cell fate commitment.