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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat
09:04

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat

Published on: February 27, 2014

NMDA Receptors and Colitis: Basic Science and Clinical Implications.

Qiqi Zhou1, G Nicholas Verne

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Reviews in Analgesia
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors are crucial in chronic visceral pain, particularly with colonic inflammation. Research highlights their role in nerve signaling and neurotransmitter release, impacting pain perception.

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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat
09:04

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat

Published on: February 27, 2014

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
06:57

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

Published on: September 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Chronic visceral pain involves complex changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
  • Alterations in primary afferent and central neurons contribute to heightened pain signaling.
  • Several molecular targets, including receptors and neurotransmitters, are implicated in visceral hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on the role of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in visceral pain.
  • To explore the function of NMDA receptors in the context of colitis-associated pain.
  • To highlight the significance of NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic visceral pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on NMDA receptors and visceral pain.
  • Analysis of studies investigating neuronal signaling in visceral inflammation.
  • Examination of research on NMDA receptor expression and function in the enteric nervous system.

Main Results:

  • NMDA receptors are present in the peripheral nervous system, central terminals of primary afferent neurons, and the enteric nervous system.
  • These receptors play a key role in regulating nociceptive neurotransmitter release.
  • Evidence strongly implicates NMDA receptors in the hypersensitivity associated with colonic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • NMDA receptors are critical mediators of chronic visceral pain, especially in inflammatory conditions like colitis.
  • Targeting NMDA receptors presents a potential therapeutic strategy for managing visceral pain.
  • Further research into NMDA receptor function in the enteric nervous system is warranted.