Pharmacokinetics of anti-psoriatic fumaric acid esters in psoriasis patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters of fumaric acid esters (FAE) in psoriasis patients for the first time. For this prupose new HPLC assays were developed. Additionally, physicochemical parameters of FAE were determined, allowing a better interpretation of the in vivo data. In vivo, monomethylfumarate (MMF) and monoethylfumarate (MEF) were detected after t (lag) = 120 min. T (max) and c (max) of MMF were 210 min and 11.2 microM, respectively, 210 min and 5.2 microM for MEF. The half-life of MMF was 38.7 min, and 25.4 min of MEF. The AUC(0-infinity) of MMF was 172 min microg ml(-1) and 63.6 min microg ml(-1) of MEF. Data display median of three subjects. No plasma levels of dimethylfumarate (DMF) or fumaric acid (FA) were detected. The evaluation of physicochemical parameters of FAE showed that only DMF fulfils the criteria of Lipinski's rule of five. The pKa of MMF was determined as 3.63. The data of this study provide evidence that DMF is most likely absorbed out of the duodenum into the presystemic circulation and is not completely hydrolysed to MMF before uptake as assumed by others.