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The bioactive compounds alpha-chaconine and gallic acid in potato extracts decrease survival and induce apoptosis in
Lavanya Reddivari1, Jairam Vanamala, Stephen H Safe
1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Abstract:
We recently reported that colored potato extracts and an anthocyanin rich fraction suppressed lymph-node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) and prostate cancer-3 (PC-3) prostate cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, malvidin, and glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine and solanine) have now been identified as the major bioactive components of potato, and their effects on LNCaP and PC-3 cell proliferation and apoptosis have been investigated. alpha-chaconine (5 microg/ml) and gallic acid (15 microg/ml) exhibited potent antiproliferative properties and increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 levels in both cell lines. Both alpha-chaconine and gallic acid induced poly [adenosine diphosphate (ADP)] ribose polymerase cleavage and caspase-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP cells; however, caspase-independent apoptosis through nuclear translocation of endonuclease G was observed in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. alpha-chaconine and gallic acid activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and this response played a major role in induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP cells; whereas modulation of JNK and mitogen-activated protein kinase did not affect alpha-chaconine- and gallic acid-induced caspase-independent apoptosis. These results suggest that apoptosis induced by whole potato extracts in prostate cancer cell lines may be in part due to alpha-chaconine and gallic acid.
Insights
Potato compounds alpha-chaconine and gallic acid show potent anti-prostate cancer effects. These bioactive molecules suppress cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis through multiple pathways, offering potential therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Cancer Biology
- Molecular Pharmacology
Background:
- Colored potato extracts demonstrate anti-cancer properties against prostate cancer cell lines.
- Key bioactive compounds responsible for these effects are being identified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify major bioactive components in potato extracts.
- To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of these components on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC-3).
Main Methods:
- Identification of bioactive potato components including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, malvidin, alpha-chaconine, and solanine.
- Assay of antiproliferative effects and apoptosis induction.
- Analysis of caspase-dependent and independent pathways, including JNK and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
Main Results:
- Alpha-chaconine and gallic acid demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity and increased p27 levels in LNCaP and PC-3 cells.
- Both compounds induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP cells and caspase-independent apoptosis in both cell lines.
- Alpha-chaconine and gallic acid activated JNK, crucial for caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Conclusions:
- Alpha-chaconine and gallic acid are key contributors to the anti-prostate cancer effects of potato extracts.
- These compounds induce apoptosis via both caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms.
- The findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of these potato-derived compounds in prostate cancer treatment.
