Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
Published on: October 24, 2025
State laws and regulations addressing third-party reimbursement for infertility treatment: implications for cancer
Gwendolyn P Quinn1, Susan T Vadaparampil, Kerri McGowan Lowrey
1Moffitt Cancer Center, Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Tampa, Florida; University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA. gwen.quinn@moffitt.org
Objective:
To examine codified state policies related to infertility and assess their implications for cancer patients. Lack of insurance is often identified as a barrier to use of fertility preservation (FP) services.
Design:
None.
Setting:
A keyword search was developed to identify statutes and administrative regulations of insurance coverage for FP in the United States.
Patient(S):
N/A.
Intervention(S):
N/A.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Laws addressing the general population but pertaining to FP were compiled using Lexis-Nexis. Data were analyzed by reviewing the "plain meaning" of the text, legislative/administrative history, and annotated case law. Legal reasoning and common rules of statutory construction and legislative interpretation were used.
Result(S):
Fifteen states (29.4%) had laws relating to insurance coverage for infertility or in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures and two states (CA and IL) specifically excluded IVF from a mandatory offer of coverage. No state laws or regulations addressed insurance coverage for FP methods specific to cancer patients.
Conclusion(S):
There is an argument for policies that require coverage for FP for cancer survivors before treatment.
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