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Intrauterine growth restriction in a low-income country: Risk factors, adverse perinatal outcomes and correlation

Bolajoko O Olusanya1

  • 1Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idiaraba, Surulere, Nigeria. boolusanya@aol.com

Early Human Development
|June 26, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Intrauterine growth restriction-low birth weight (IUGR-LBW) is linked to poor nutrition and adverse outcomes in newborns. Early detection and improved prenatal care for teenage mothers are crucial in resource-limited settings.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Global Child Health

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction-low birth weight (IUGR-LBW) poses significant risks to newborns.
  • Effective monitoring and management are challenging in resource-poor settings lacking routine growth surveillance.
  • Understanding risk factors and outcomes is vital for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for IUGR-LBW.
  • To assess adverse perinatal outcomes and nutritional status in the first week of life for IUGR-LBW infants.
  • To evaluate these factors in settings without routine intrauterine growth monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study in an inner-city Nigerian hospital.
  • Defined IUGR-LBW as term infants (<2500g).
  • Assessed nutritional status using WHO-MGR z-scores (HAZ, HCZ, WAZ, WHZ) and analyzed risk factors/outcomes via multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • 145 (4.3%) infants had IUGR-LBW.
  • Associated with teenage mothers (OR:2.90), lack of antenatal care (OR:1.88), and female gender (OR:1.38).
  • IUGR-LBW infants showed poor nutritional status (p<0.001) and increased risk of sepsis (p=0.053), hyperbilirubinemia (p<0.001), and special care admission (p=0.009).

Conclusions:

  • IUGR-LBW correlates with poor early-life nutritional status based on WHO-MGR.
  • Early detection of affected infants is feasible for surveillance in resource-poor settings.
  • Improved prenatal care, especially for teenage mothers, is essential to reduce the IUGR-LBW burden.
Abstract

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