Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

Significance of the Gradient Vector

Significance of the Gradient Vector

A surface defined by a function of two variables can be understood by examining how it changes along specific directions. When one variable is held constant, the surface reduces to a curve that reflects variation in the other variable. For example, fixing one variable and moving parallel to a coordinate axis produces a cross-sectional curve. The slope of this curve at a given point represents how the function changes in that particular direction, providing a measure of local steepness.By...

Gradient Fields

Gradient Fields

A gradient field is a vector field derived from a scalar field. A scalar field assigns a single numerical value to every point in space, such as temperature, pressure, or electric potential. The gradient field describes how that value changes from point to point. It gives both the direction of the fastest increase and the rate of change in that direction.For a scalar field f(x, y), the gradient is written as\begin{equation*}\nabla f=\left\langle \jfrac{\partial f}{\partial x},\jfrac{\partial...

Gradient Vectors and Their Applications

Gradient Vectors and Their Applications

Every point on a topographical map corresponds to a particular elevation, so the landscape can be modeled as a surface whose height depends on horizontal position. From any given location, a hiker may face infinitely many directions, but only one direction produces the fastest possible increase in elevation. This unique route is called the direction of steepest ascent, and in multivariable calculus, it is represented by the gradient vector of the elevation function.The gradient vector points...

Gradient and Del Operator

Gradient and Del Operator

In mathematics and physics, the gradient and del operator are fundamental concepts used to describe the behavior of functions and fields in space. The gradient is a mathematical operator that gives both the magnitude and direction of the maximum spatial rate of change. Consider a person standing on a mountain. The slope of the mountain at any given point is not defined unless it is quantified in a particular direction. For this reason, a "directional derivative" is defined, which is a vector...

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma: A case report with pathological and genetic analyses.

The Journal of dermatology·2024

Same author

Zeolite-templated carbons - three-dimensional microporous graphene frameworks.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2018

Same author

Retinoic acid signalling is a candidate regulator of the expression of pituitary-specific transcription factor Prop1 in the developing rodent pituitary.

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2018

Same author

Structural basis of the redox switches in the NAD<sup>+</sup>-reducing soluble [NiFe]-hydrogenase.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2017

Same author

A case of linear basal cell carcinoma: evaluation of proliferative activity by immunohistochemical staining of PCTAIRE1 and p27.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2017

Same author

Identification and analysis of CXCR4-positive synovial sarcoma-initiating cells.

Oncogene·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1^gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

Published on: November 11, 2017

Gradient-index optics: introduction by the feature editors.

E W Marchand, H Nishihara

|June 26, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This feature introduces gradient-index (GRIN) image systems and their future directions. It covers advancements presented at the MOC/GRIN

More Related Videos

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

In Vivo Imaging of Cx3cr1^gfp/gfp Reporter Mice with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

Published on: November 11, 2017

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Image Systems Engineering

Background:

Focuses on gradient-index (GRIN) optical systems.
Highlights advancements presented at the MOC/GRIN'89 symposium.

Purpose of the Study:

To define the scope of gradient-index image systems.
To discuss future trends in the field of GRIN optics.

Main Methods:

Review of papers presented at the MOC/GRIN'89 joint symposium.
Introduction to the scope and future outlook of GRIN image systems.

Main Results:

Defines the current scope of gradient-index image systems.
Outlines the projected future developments in the field.

Conclusions:

The field of gradient-index image systems is rapidly evolving.
Further research and development are anticipated in microoptics and GRIN systems.