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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes
10:04

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

Published on: May 26, 2014

Sooting flame thermometry using emission/absorption tomography.

R J Hall, P A Bonczyk

    Applied Optics
    |June 26, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates a simple emission-absorption tomography technique for measuring sooting flame temperatures. The method accurately determines temperature and soot absorption, even in optically thin flames.

    More Related Videos

    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
    10:29

    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

    Published on: June 1, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes
    10:04

    Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

    Published on: May 26, 2014

    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
    10:29

    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

    Published on: June 1, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Combustion science
    • Optical diagnostics
    • Tomography

    Background:

    • Accurate temperature measurement in sooting flames is crucial for understanding combustion processes.
    • Traditional methods can be complex or sensitive to uncertain parameters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel, experimentally simple technique for sooting flame temperature measurement.
    • To validate the technique by comparing calculated and measured global radiation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized emission-absorption tomography with Fourier transform algorithms.
    • Deconvolved local soot absorption coefficient and Planck function (temperature) from line-of-sight measurements.
    • Applied corrections for moderate optical thickness.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated a technique for measuring sooting flame temperature.
    • Inferred temperature showed no sensitivity to uncertain medium parameters for small particles.
    • Validated results through self-consistent comparison with radiative transfer calculations.

    Conclusions:

    • Emission-absorption tomography offers a practical approach for sooting flame temperature measurement.
    • The technique is robust, with potential for overcoming limitations like low absorption via seeding.
    • Accurate temperature and soot absorption data were obtained for a sooting ethylene flame.