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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Declination01:19

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...
Meridians01:28

Meridians

In surveying, meridians are vital reference lines to measure directions and establish accurate land orientations. Meridians run from the north to the south poles, providing a stable framework for angular measurements and mapping. Meridians are fundamental in survey design, with the primary types being astronomic, magnetic, and assumed meridians. Each type offers distinct benefits and limitations, selected based on the project's scale and precision needs.The astronomic meridian is aligned with...
Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device

Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point served as...
Physical Pendulum01:06

Physical Pendulum

When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it describes the mass...
Spherical Coordinates01:23

Spherical Coordinates

Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...
Azimuths and Bearings01:19

Azimuths and Bearings

Azimuths and bearings are essential concepts in surveying, providing methods to express the direction of a line relative to a meridian. Azimuths refer to the clockwise angle measured from the north end of a reference meridian to the given line, ranging from zero to 360 degrees. This method gives a comprehensive directional reference within a full 360-degree circle, making it a straightforward way to communicate direction in various fields, including navigation, cartography, and...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Published on: September 25, 2020

Holographic sundial.

A Góngora-T, R G Stuart

    Applied Optics
    |June 26, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed white light holograms for use as sundials and in other applications. Both digital and analog readout systems were explored for these novel holographic devices.

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    Published on: September 25, 2020

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    Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Holography
    • Timekeeping Devices

    Background:

    • Traditional sundials rely on the sun's position, requiring clear skies.
    • White light holography offers unique properties for optical applications.
    • The integration of holographic technology into timekeeping is an emerging field.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a method for constructing white light holograms.
    • To explore the application of these holograms as sundials.
    • To investigate both digital and analog readout systems for holographic sundials.

    Main Methods:

    • Hologram fabrication using white light illumination.
    • Optical system design for holographic time display.
    • Development of digital and analog data acquisition for readout.

    Main Results:

    • Successful construction of white light holograms.
    • Demonstration of holographic sundial functionality.
    • Evaluation of performance for digital and analog readout configurations.

    Conclusions:

    • White light holograms can be effectively utilized as sundials.
    • The proposed method allows for versatile holographic timekeeping solutions.
    • Both digital and analog readouts are feasible for holographic sundial applications.