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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
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Published on: April 11, 2025

ZnS micro-Fresnel lens and its uses.

H Hosokawa, T Yamashita

    Applied Optics
    |June 26, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new inorganic material deposition method creates micro-Fresnel lenses. This technique improves ZnS lens stability and enables thinner lenses for higher resolution, alongside novel flat lenses for 3D optical circuits.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Micro-Fresnel lenses are crucial optical components.
    • Existing fabrication methods face limitations in resolution and stability.
    • Integration of optical devices requires advanced lens designs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel replication method for micro-Fresnel lenses using inorganic materials.
    • To fabricate and characterize Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) micro-Fresnel lenses.
    • To introduce a completely flat micro-Fresnel lens for enhanced integration.

    Main Methods:

    • Inorganic material deposition technique for micro-Fresnel lens replication.
    • Fabrication of ZnS micro-Fresnel lenses and completely flat micro-Fresnel lenses.

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  • Evaluation of lens stability (temperature, humidity, focusing) and resolution.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful replication of ZnS and completely flat micro-Fresnel lenses.
    • Improved stability characteristics for ZnS micro-Fresnel lenses.
    • Reduced lens thickness enabling higher resolution in electron-beam lithography.
    • Demonstration of a novel completely flat micro-Fresnel lens with improved integration performance.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed inorganic material deposition method is effective for micro-Fresnel lens fabrication.
    • The new method enhances ZnS micro-Fresnel lens performance and enables advanced applications.
    • Completely flat micro-Fresnel lenses offer a new pathway for integrated and 3D optical circuits.