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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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Light emission from a titanium vacuum arc using Fizeau interferometry with parallel detection.

Z H Wang, P D Swift, A J Studer

    Applied Optics
    |June 26, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers measured titanium vacuum arc light emission, determining ion temperatures of ~3 x 10^5 K and atom temperatures of ~3.5 x 10^4 K. The study suggests the lower temperature represents the actual heavy species temperature in the cathode spot.

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    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
    08:22

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    Published on: August 6, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Plasma Physics
    • Atomic and Molecular Physics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Vacuum arcs are crucial in material processing and electrical engineering.
    • Understanding the plasma conditions within vacuum arcs, particularly cathode spot temperatures, is vital for optimizing their performance and longevity.
    • Previous studies have provided varying temperature measurements for different species within the cathode spot.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To accurately determine the temperatures of titanium ions and atoms in a titanium vacuum arc.
    • To investigate the lineshape of light emission from the arc to infer plasma properties.
    • To establish the definitive heavy species temperature within the cathode spot.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Fizeau interferometer for high-resolution spectral analysis of light emission.
    • Coupled the interferometer with an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) for efficient data acquisition.
    • Employed a viewing geometry perpendicular to the cathode surface to capture emission from the cathode spot.

    Main Results:

    • Measured a temperature of approximately 3 x 10^5 K for titanium ions.
    • Determined a temperature of approximately 3.5 x 10^4 K for neutral titanium atoms.
    • Observed distinct spectral lines corresponding to different titanium species.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides precise temperature measurements for both ionic and atomic species in a titanium vacuum arc.
    • Evidence suggests that the ~3.5 x 10^4 K temperature of titanium atoms represents the true heavy species temperature in the cathode spot.
    • These findings contribute to a more accurate physical model of vacuum arc cathode spots.