Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Epithelial Cell Infection Analyses with Shigella
04:56

Epithelial Cell Infection Analyses with Shigella

Published on: February 9, 2024

Shigella-associated diarrhea in children in South Jakarta, Indonesia

Elly Herwana1, Julius E Surjawidjaja, Oktavianus Ch Salim

  • 1Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia. elly_herwana@cbn.net.id

The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|June 29, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Shigella infections were common in South Jakarta children with diarrhea, particularly Shigella flexneri. Many strains showed multi-drug resistance, but remained susceptible to certain antibiotics.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Shigella infections are a significant cause of childhood diarrhea globally.
  • Understanding local epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a surveillance of Shigella infections in children presenting with diarrhea.
  • To identify the predominant Shigella species and their antibiotic resistance profiles.

Main Methods:

  • A surveillance study involving 612 children aged 0-12 years with diarrhea.
  • Isolation and identification of Shigella species from stool samples.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolated Shigella strains.

Main Results:

  • Shigella was isolated from 9.3% of diarrhea patients.
  • Shigella flexneri was the most frequent species (5.9% of patients, 63.2% of Shigella isolates).
  • Infections were more common in children over 2 years old, with isolation rates increasing with age.
  • Stool with mucus and/or blood characterized Shigella infections.
  • Multi-drug resistance was observed in S. flexneri and S. boydii strains against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
  • All Shigella species remained susceptible to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone.

Conclusions:

  • Shigella flexneri is the predominant species causing diarrhea in children in South Jakarta.
  • The increasing prevalence with age and presence of bloody/mucus stool are key indicators.
  • Urgent attention is needed for multi-drug resistant Shigella strains.
  • Certain antibiotics like nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, and ceftriaxone remain effective treatment options.

More Related Videos

A High-throughput Shigella-specific Bactericidal Assay06:11

A High-throughput Shigella-specific Bactericidal Assay

Published on: February 27, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...