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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Expectations, validity, and reality in gene expression profiling.

Kyoungmi Kim1, Stanislav O Zakharkin, David B Allison

  • 1Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. kmkim@ucdavis.edu

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
|June 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression profiling offers insights into complex diseases but faces reproducibility challenges. Standardization and prospective trials are crucial for its clinical application in genomic medicine.

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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
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Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

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Analyzing Multifactorial RNA-Seq Experiments with DiCoExpress

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
10:50

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

Analyzing Multifactorial RNA-Seq Experiments with DiCoExpress
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Analyzing Multifactorial RNA-Seq Experiments with DiCoExpress

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gene expression profiling (GEP) has advanced understanding of complex disorders like cancer and metabolic diseases.
  • Significant challenges hinder the translation of GEP into genomic medicine for diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Reproducibility issues and unjustified claims of clinical utility have led to controversy surrounding GEP analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review gene expression profiling methodologies.
  • To discuss current limitations and future directions for GEP.
  • To assess the clinical relevance and applications of GEP techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of strengths and limitations of GEP techniques.
  • Analysis of appropriate applications of GEP in research and clinical settings.
  • Consideration of methodological and technical solutions developed over the last decade.

Main Results:

  • GEP has yielded significant advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of complex diseases.
  • GEP faces challenges in clinical translation, including reproducibility and validation.
  • Numerous methodological improvements have been proposed to address GEP limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Some studies show GEP's potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular markers.
  • Standardization of analytical approaches is essential for GEP.
  • Prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate GEP's clinical merit in diverse populations.