[Intraoperative use of ultrasound in neurosurgery]

Modern ultrasound technique, as in other specialities, has provided the neurosurgeon with an adjuvant which may be employed intraoperatively and which supplements the neuroradiological methods of investigation. The technique provides the surgeon with the possibility of direct visualization, localization and characterization of the pathological and normal structures intracranially and intraspinally by scanning directly on the surfaces of the dura or brain or medulla. The technique provides a good possibility for planning and controlling the extent of tumour resection. By means of a stand with guiding of the cannula, tissue biopsies may be obtained with great certainty and cysts and abscesses may be punctured and evacuated. Placing of a drain in the ventricular system or cysts may be carried out precisely and can be documented by ultrasonic guidance. The technique is employed in approximately one third of the total number of operations in a department of neurosurgery. The technique is simple to use, reasonable inexpensive, does not require addition running costs and may, in addition, be employed as an alternative to CT in neonatal diagnosis and control of hydrocephalus, in particular, by scanning via the fontanelles.