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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
Published on: July 8, 2021
Endplate degeneration may be the origination of the vacuum phenomenon in intervertebral discs
Fang-Cai Li1, Ning Zhang, Wei-Shan Chen
1Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China. leerich215@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract:
The intravertebral vacuum phenomenon (VP) is usually associated with degenerative disc disease, which could be related to the low back pain. Various theories related to the pathogenesis of VP have been proposed, but these theories have not been critically examined and remain hypothetical. In this article, we review the possible role of endplate degeneration in the pathogenesis of VP, and discuss several pathways possibly linked to them. Due to the endplate calcification and activated cytokines, the transport pathway of the nutrition for the intervertebral disc was blocked, resulting in the metabolic unbalance and decrease of the synthesis of matrix structural proteins. It could promote the matrix decomposition, causing the decrease of the quantity of matrix and the changes of stress distribution in intervertebral disc. As a result, the structure of intervertebral discs became increasingly unstable. While compression happened, the intravertebral cleft could occur and be gradually filled with gas, which may cause low back pain and aggravate the intervertebral discs degeneration. As outlined above, we hypothesize that endplate degeneration might be the origination of the vacuum phenomenon.
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