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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Viral miRNAs: tools for immune evasion.

Isaac W Boss1, Rolf Renne

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|June 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Viral microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and aid virus survival by targeting host genes. These viral miRNAs are crucial for immune evasion and viral persistence during infection.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs are found in various species and modulate cellular processes like development and immunity.
  • DNA viruses can encode their own miRNAs during host infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recently discovered targets of viral microRNAs.
  • To discuss the role of viral miRNAs in host-virus interactions.
  • To explore viral miRNAs as a mechanism for immune evasion and viral persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral miRNA targets.
  • Analysis of gene expression data related to viral infections.
  • Functional prediction based on identified miRNA targets.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Main Results:

  • Viral miRNAs target host genes involved in immunity, apoptosis, and viral latency.
  • Viral miRNAs contribute to immune evasion, facilitating viral persistence.
  • Herpesviruses utilize miRNAs to control viral latency.

Conclusions:

  • Viral miRNAs represent a novel regulatory mechanism in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Understanding viral miRNA targets is key to comprehending viral persistence and immune evasion strategies.
  • Further research into viral miRNAs can reveal new therapeutic targets.