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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
06:43

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Tympanic temperature during therapeutic hypothermia.

D Hasper1, J Nee, J C Schefold

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. dietrich.hasper@charite.de

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|June 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Tympanic temperature accurately reflects oesophageal and bladder temperatures in patients undergoing mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) after cardiac arrest. This non-invasive method shows promise for prehospital temperature monitoring during MTH.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Prehospital therapeutic hypothermia is crucial after cardiac arrest.
  • Accurate temperature monitoring is essential during mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH).
  • Tympanic temperature, a non-invasive method, lacks evaluation in MTH patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare tympanic temperature accuracy with oesophageal and bladder temperatures during MTH.
  • To assess the feasibility of tympanic thermometry for MTH monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study included 10 post-cardiac arrest patients.
  • Tympanic, oesophageal, and bladder temperatures were simultaneously recorded.
  • 558 individual temperature measurements were collected during MTH.

Main Results:

  • Tympanic temperature showed minimal bias compared to oesophageal (0.021°C) and bladder (0.019°C) temperatures.
  • High correlations were found between tympanic and oesophageal (r=0.95) and tympanic and bladder (r=0.96) temperatures.
  • Limits of agreement were ±0.80°C for tympanic vs. oesophageal and ±0.61°C for tympanic vs. bladder.

Conclusions:

  • Tympanic temperature accurately reflects oesophageal and bladder temperatures in MTH patients.
  • Findings suggest tympanic thermometry is a viable non-invasive option for MTH monitoring.
  • This method may be applicable for prehospital therapeutic hypothermia management.