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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
10:52

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Published on: April 13, 2016

Whole field in-plane vibration analysis using pulsed phase-stepped ESPI.

F M Santoyo, M C Shellabear, J R Tyrer

    Applied Optics
    |June 29, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers used electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) to analyze in-plane vibrations in a metal plate. This technique precisely maps vibration amplitude and phase, visualizing the complete motion as vectors.

    Area of Science:

    • * Mechanical Engineering
    • * Optics and Photonics
    • * Materials Science

    Background:

    • * Understanding resonant vibrations is crucial for structural integrity and performance.
    • * Traditional methods for analyzing in-plane vibrations can be complex and time-consuming.
    • * Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) offers a non-contact optical method for vibration analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate resonant in-plane vibrations of a thin square metal plate using ESPI.
    • * To develop and apply a method for extracting both amplitude and phase of in-plane vibration components.
    • * To visualize the total in-plane vibration mode of the plate.

    Main Methods:

    • * Utilized an in-plane sensitive ESPI arrangement with dual-beam illumination from a pulsed laser.

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  • * Analyzed cosinusoidal fringe patterns to extract phase information using the single phase step technique.
  • * Determined horizontal and vertical components of in-plane vibration, then combined them to represent the total motion.

    • Main Results:

    • * Successfully extracted phase information from fringe patterns generated by ESPI.
    • * Quantified the amplitude and phase for both horizontal and vertical components of the in-plane vibration.
    • * Visualized the complete in-plane vibration mode by combining the component data.

    Conclusions:

    • * ESPI is an effective technique for studying resonant in-plane vibrations in thin plates.
    • * The developed method accurately determines vibration amplitude and phase, providing comprehensive motion analysis.
    • * Vector display of results offers an intuitive visualization of complex vibration modes.