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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

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Monuments as sampling surfaces of recent traffic pollution.

Laura Rampazzi1, Barbara Giussani, Biagio Rizzo

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, Como, 22100, Italy. laura.rampazzi@uninsubria.it

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|June 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Monuments passively sample pollution, accumulating platinum and rhodium from vehicle emissions. This study developed an effective analytical protocol to quantify these metals on stone surfaces, aiding cultural heritage conservation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cultural Heritage sites are susceptible to environmental pollution, particularly from traffic.
  • Monuments act as passive samplers, accumulating atmospheric deposits over time.
  • Platinum and rhodium from catalytic converters are emerging as significant environmental pollutants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an optimized analytical protocol for quantifying trace levels of platinum and rhodium on monument surfaces.
  • To investigate the accumulation and distribution of platinum and rhodium on cement mortar surfaces.
  • To assess the potential impact of these metals on the decay of stone materials.

Main Methods:

  • Surface scraping of monument samples from exposed and sheltered areas.
  • Microwave-assisted acid digestion for sample dissolution.
  • Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry for metal quantification.
  • Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction for chemical and mineralogical analysis.

Main Results:

  • An effective analytical protocol was established, minimizing matrix effects for trace metal analysis.
  • Variable concentrations of platinum (0.013-45 μg/kg) and rhodium (0.55-274.4 μg/kg) were detected.
  • Results indicate that artificial stone surfaces can accumulate these elements from the atmosphere.
  • Sample analysis confirmed a typical cement plaster composition affected by decay.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol accurately quantifies platinum and rhodium on stone surfaces.
  • The presence and distribution of these metals on monuments are significant for conservation planning.
  • Further research into the role of platinum and rhodium in material decay can improve artwork preservation strategies.