Callosal and diffuse white matter lesions with restricted water diffusion in hemophagocytic syndrome

We present magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of the brain of a 6-year-old girl with fatal hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS); diffusion-weighted imaging shows abnormal intensity in the white matter and entire corpus callosum. HPS is a rare disorder that affects the mononuclear phagocyte system and not uncommonly involves the central nervous system. Various MR imaging findings of HPS have been reported, but restricted water diffusion throughout the entire corpus callosum lesion and lesions of the white matter have not been reported.