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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Oncology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background:

  • Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery is an evolving field.
  • Comparison of laparoscopic versus open resection outcomes is crucial.
  • Patient matching ensures reliable comparative analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare short-term outcomes of laparoscopic vs. open rectal cancer resection.
  • To evaluate early oncological results between surgical approaches.
  • To assess patient recovery metrics and complication rates.

Main Methods:

  • 1:1 matched cohort study of laparoscopic and open rectal cancer resections.
  • Matching criteria included age, gender, ASA class, BMI, neoadjuvant therapy, and surgery type.
  • Statistical analysis utilized Fisher's exact, chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Kaplan-Meier estimates.

Main Results:

  • Laparoscopic surgery showed similar 30-day morbidity/mortality, but lower wound infection rates (p=0.02).
  • Patients undergoing laparoscopic resection experienced shorter hospital stays (5 vs. 7 days, p<0.01) and faster return of bowel function.
  • Similar 3-year disease-free survival, local recurrence, and distant recurrence rates were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Laparoscopic surgery is a safe option for rectal cancer treatment.
  • It provides enhanced postoperative recovery and acceptable early oncological outcomes.
  • Further data from ongoing randomized trials are needed for definitive long-term oncological assessment.