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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

Stem cells and neurological diseases.

Antonio Orlacchio¹, Giorgio Bernardi, Aldo Orlacchio

¹Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. a.orlacchio@hsantalucia.it

Discovery Medicine

|July 1, 2010

Summary

Stem cell therapy shows promise for treating neurological diseases by replacing damaged cells. This review explores the potential and challenges of using stem cell biology for novel clinical treatments.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Stem cells possess unique biological properties enabling tissue homeostasis.
Neurological diseases present significant unmet therapeutic needs.
Stem cell replacement therapy offers a potential strategy for neural repair.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the therapeutic potential of stem cells for neurological disorders.
To elucidate the challenges in translating stem cell biology into clinical applications.
To highlight advancements in stem cell research for central and peripheral nervous system diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current stem cell research.
Analysis of biological mechanisms underlying stem cell function.
Evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies on stem cell therapy.

Main Results:

Stem cells can differentiate into various neural cell types.
Replacement therapy aims to restore neural tissue function.
Significant progress has been made, but challenges remain.

Conclusions:

Stem cell therapy holds considerable promise for treating incurable neurological conditions.
Further research is crucial to overcome challenges in clinical translation.
Understanding stem cell biology is key to developing effective treatments.