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Chimeric mice derived from human-mouse hybrid cells
Abstract:
Mouse teratocarcinoma cells from the OTT6050 ascites tumor were established in tissue culture and selected for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) resistance. The embryonal carcinoma cells grew without a feeder layer, remained deficient for thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.75), and differentiated like the original tumor into various tissues after subcutaneous injection into 129 mice. We fused the BrdUrd-resistant mouse teratocarcinoma cells with HT1080-6TG human diploid fibrosarcoma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and selected for hybrid cells in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium. The resulting hybrid cells segregated human chromosomes quickly and retained one to three human chromosomes including chromosome 17 that carries the human genes for thymidine kinase and galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6). Single hybrid cells from five independent clones containing human chromosome 17 were injected into mouse blastocysts bearing several genetic markers that affect the coat color phenotype and strain-specific enzyme variants in order to detect tissue differentiation derived from the injected cells. After the injection of single hybrid cells into a total of 103 experimental blastocysts that had been surgically transferred to pseudopregnant foster mothers, 49 mice were born and 2 of them clearly revealed coat mosaicism. In 2 of 17 mice thus far analyzed, the injected hybrid cells proved to be capable of participating substantially in development of seven different organs. However, human gene products have not yet been detected unequivocally in those tissues and weak human-specific galactokinase activity could be recovered only from two mosaic tissues. Our results demonstrate that, after in vitro culture and selection, at least some of the human-mouse hybrid cells still retain their in vivo potential to differentiate and become functionally integrated in the living organism. It now seems feasible to cycle mouse teratocarcinoma cells carrying human genetic material through mice via blastocyst injection to study human gene expression during differentiation.
Insights
Mouse teratocarcinoma cells fused with human cells formed hybrids that differentiated in mice. These human-mouse hybrid cells integrated into developing organs, showing potential for studying human gene expression.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Mouse teratocarcinoma cells (OTT6050) were cultured and selected for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) resistance.
- These embryonal carcinoma cells differentiated into various tissues in vivo and were deficient for thymidine kinase.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create and analyze human-mouse hybrid cells for their differentiation potential in vivo.
- To investigate the integration and differentiation capacity of hybrid cells following blastocyst injection.
Main Methods:
- Fused BrdUrd-resistant mouse teratocarcinoma cells with human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080-6TG) deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase.
- Selected hybrid cells in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium, retaining specific human chromosomes (e.g., chromosome 17).
- Injected single hybrid cells into mouse blastocysts and transferred them to foster mothers, analyzing resulting offspring for mosaicism and differentiation.
Main Results:
- Hybrid cells segregated human chromosomes, retaining 1-3, including chromosome 17 carrying thymidine kinase and galactokinase genes.
- Injected hybrid cells contributed to the development of seven different organs in mosaic mice.
- Weak human-specific galactokinase activity was detected in some mosaic tissues, but unequivocal human gene product detection was limited.
Conclusions:
- Human-mouse hybrid cells retain in vivo differentiation potential after in vitro selection and culture.
- Blastocyst injection of hybrid cells provides a feasible method to study human gene expression during mammalian development.
- These findings support the use of hybrid cells for investigating human gene function and differentiation in a developmental context.