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Updated: Jun 11, 2026
In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Neuronal Ensembles in Networks of Primary Sensory Neurons in Intact Trigeminal Ganglia
Published on: August 1, 2025
Stereotactic approach to the trigeminal ganglion using a stereotactic frame and intraoperative computed tomography
1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Section of Neurosurgery, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2035, USA. apatil@unmc.edu
Objective:
In this paper, a technique to place a probe at the trigeminal ganglion using a stereotactic frame and intraoperative computed tomography (CT) scans is described.
Method:
The procedure is performed on the CT table using a stereotactic frame. After the coordinates have been obtained and then adjusted, the target is probed using the frame. In this study, intraoperative scans were obtained to confirm the accuracy of probe placement. After successful stimulation studies, radiofrequency lesions were made. Thirty-two procedures were performed on 26 patients.
Results:
Twenty patients were free of pain at a follow-up which lasted a median of 30 months. There was no permanent complication from the procedure.
Conclusions:
The technique is straightforward, accurate and safe. It also enables the surgeon to obtain intraoperative confirmation of accurate probe placement on CT images.
