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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

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Published on: September 12, 2014

Dye alignment in luminescent solar concentrators: I. Vertical alignment for improved waveguide coupling.

C L Mulder¹, P D Reusswig, A M Velázquez

¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

|July 1, 2010

Summary

Controlling dye molecule orientation in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) with liquid crystals significantly boosts light trapping efficiency. This advancement enhances LSC performance by minimizing photon loss and improving solar energy harvesting.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Optics

Background:

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) utilize embedded dyes in waveguides to absorb and re-emit sunlight for solar cells.
Photon loss occurs when emitted light escapes the waveguide, limiting LSC efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To improve the fundamental efficiency limit of LSCs by controlling dye molecule orientation.
To investigate the impact of liquid crystalline hosts on dye alignment and waveguide trapping efficiency.

Main Methods:

Developed a theoretical model for waveguide trapping efficiency based on dipole orientation.
Fabricated LSCs using a liquid crystalline host to align dye molecules.
Measured trapping efficiency with aligned and unaligned dyes.

Main Results:

Achieved an increase in trapping efficiency from 66% (no alignment) to 81% (vertical dye alignment).
Demonstrated that enhanced trapping efficiency is maintained for geometric gains up to 30.
Showed that an external diffuser can mitigate weak absorption in vertically-aligned LSCs.

Conclusions:

Controlling dye molecule orientation in LSCs using liquid crystals is a viable strategy to enhance light trapping efficiency.
Vertically aligned dyes significantly improve LSC performance, approaching theoretical limits.
Further optimization with diffusers can address absorption limitations, paving the way for more efficient LSCs.