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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Monochromatic aberrations in resonant optical elements applied to a focusing multilevel reflectarray.

James Ginn¹, Javier Alda, José Antonio Gómez-Pedrero

¹CREOL, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd. Orlando, FL 32816-2700, USA.

|July 1, 2010

Summary

Monochromatic aberrations from metallic structures impact reflectarray performance. Angular dependence and polarization affect focusing, but simulations and experiments show good agreement when aberrations are accounted for.

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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

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Published on: September 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Metamaterials and Nanophotonics

Background:

Reflectarrays are crucial for beamforming and focusing electromagnetic waves.
Sub-wavelength metallic structures exhibit unique phase responses.
Aberrations can degrade the performance of optical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate monochromatic aberrations in reflectarrays caused by resonant sub-wavelength metallic structures.
To analyze the impact of angular dependence and polarization on reflectarray performance.
To validate simulation results with experimental data.

Main Methods:

Analytical and numerical studies of phase distribution in metallic structures.
Computational-electromagnetic and physical-optics-propagation simulations of a focusing reflectarray.
Design, fabrication, and experimental testing of a small-aperture reflectarray.
Definition of a modified Strehl ratio for performance evaluation.

Main Results:

Angular dependence of the re-radiated wavefront causes aberrations, even at normal incidence.
The effect of aberrations is modeled as a combination of linear and cubic dependencies.
Irradiance distribution at the focal plane is sensitive to polarization.
Experimental results show good agreement with simulations when residual aberrations are included.

Conclusions:

Monochromatic aberrations significantly affect reflectarray performance.
Accurate modeling and inclusion of aberrations are essential for predicting and improving reflectarray focusing.
The study provides insights into the design and optimization of reflectarray antennas.