Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 11, 2026
05:48
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
Mental disorders in five-year-old children with or without developmental delay: focus on ADHD
Bruce L Baker1, Cameron L Neece, Rachel M Fenning
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA. baker@psych.ucla.edu
Summary
Children with developmental delay (DD) show higher rates of behavioral issues, particularly Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Parenting stress and maternal scaffolding influence ADHD diagnosis in young children.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Intellectual disability (ID) in children and adolescents is often accompanied by significant behavior problems (30-50%).
- Limited research exists on young children, cognitively typical peers, specific disorders, and family factors in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess clinical diagnoses and behavioral issues in 5-year-old children with and without developmental delay (DD).
- To investigate the prevalence of specific disorders, particularly Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), in young children with DD.
- To examine family correlates, including parenting stress and maternal scaffolding, associated with ADHD diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- A structured interview was used to assess clinical diagnoses in 236 five-year-old children (95 with DD, 141 typically developing).
- Prevalence rates of various disorders were compared between the DD and typical development groups.
- Regression analyses explored the relationship between early behavior problems, parenting stress, maternal scaffolding, and later ADHD diagnosis.
Main Results:
- All assessed disorders were more prevalent in the DD group compared to the typical development group.
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) showed the highest differentiation between groups (ratio = 3.21:1).
- Externalizing behavior problems at age 3 predicted ADHD diagnoses at age 5. Parenting stress at age 3 and maternal scaffolding in the DD group were significant predictors of ADHD.
Conclusions:
- Young children with developmental delay (DD) exhibit a higher prevalence of clinical diagnoses, especially ADHD.
- Early behavioral patterns and specific family dynamics, such as parenting stress and maternal scaffolding, are crucial factors in the development of ADHD in young children.
- These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention for behavioral problems in children with DD.
More Related Videos
10:02Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Published on: March 12, 2020
05:32Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
Published on: December 7, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
01:27Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
01:28Conduct Disorder
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
01:26Modeling in Therapy
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...