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Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Blepharitis.

Taliana Freitas Bernardes1, Adriana Alvim Bonfioli

  • 1Oftalmoclínica Rui Marinho, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. taliana.freitas@gmail.com

Seminars in Ophthalmology
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Blepharitis is a chronic eyelid inflammation affecting all ages, often linked to systemic conditions. Effective management requires long-term eyelid hygiene, though treatments can be challenging.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Blepharitis is a prevalent global eye disorder characterized by chronic eyelid margin inflammation.
  • It affects individuals across all age groups and can be associated with systemic diseases like rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Ocular comorbidities frequently include dry eye, chalazion, conjunctivitis, and keratitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of blepharitis, encompassing its associations, clinical manifestations, and management strategies.
  • To highlight the chronic nature of the condition and the importance of long-term patient commitment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on blepharitis.
  • Clinical examination findings and associated conditions were analyzed.
  • Treatment modalities and their efficacy were discussed.

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In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
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Main Results:

  • Common symptoms include burning, irritation, tearing, photophobia, blurred vision, and red eyes.
  • Clinical signs encompass eyelid margin scurf, telangiectasia, meibomian gland dysfunction, conjunctival hyperemia, and potential corneal changes.
  • Advanced cases may show lid margin hypertrophy, scarring, madarosis, trichiasis, and poliosis.

Conclusions:

  • Blepharitis is a persistent inflammatory condition requiring ongoing eyelid hygiene for management.
  • Treatment outcomes can be variable, emphasizing the need for long-term patient adherence.
  • Further discussion on various treatment options is warranted.