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Resistance and Conductance

Resistance and Conductance

A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their length...

Resistance

Resistance

When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...

Resistivity

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law

Resistors are fundamental components in electrical circuits, often manufactured from metallic alloys or carbon compounds. They model a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current, a characteristic that is crucial in controlling and regulating electrical power within a circuit.
This current-resisting behavior of resistors is governed by Ohm's law, which states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law

Many materials exhibit a simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance, known as Ohm’s law. The current that flows through most substances is directly proportional to the voltage applied to them. The German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854) was the first to demonstrate experimentally that the current in a metal wire is directly proportional to the voltage applied. Any material, component, or device that obeys Ohm’s law, where the current through the device is...

Resistors In Parallel

Resistors In Parallel

Resistors are in parallel when one end of all the resistors are connected to a continuous wire of negligible resistance and the other end of all the resistors are also connected to one another through a continuous wire of negligible resistance. In the case of a parallel configuration, the potential drop across each resistor is the same. Current through each resistor can be found using Ohm’s law, I = V/R, where the voltage is constant across each resistor. The sum of the individual currents...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

On resistance.

Richard M Billow¹

¹Derner Postgraduate Institute. rmbillow@hotmail.com

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy

|July 2, 2010

Summary

Psychotherapy focuses on developing the capacity to face difficult truths, not achieve a cure. Resistance in therapy signals closeness to unarticulated truths, emerging from complex internal and external factors.

Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychotherapy Studies
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Psychotherapy aims to enhance emotional truth processing, not solely cure.
Resistance is a key clinical phenomenon in therapeutic settings.
Existing definitions of resistance lack precision, particularly in group contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

To define resistance more precisely within the context of group psychotherapy.
To explore the symbolic nature and developmental process of resistance.
To understand the diverse origins and interpersonal communication of resistance.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis and elaboration of the concept of resistance.
Distinguishing resistance from related phenomena like rebellion and refusal.

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Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

Protocols for Robust Herbicide Resistance Testing in Different Weed Species

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Published on: July 2, 2015

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

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Application of the refined concept to the group therapy setting.

Main Results:

Resistance is conceptualized as a fundamental mental process involving symbolism.
Resistance arises from a combination of nonconscious, conscious, and psychosocial factors.
The emergence and evolution of resistance are linked to internal and interpersonal dynamics.

Conclusions:

Resistance is integral to the process of integrating painful emotional truths.
Understanding resistance requires attention to relational and contextual factors.
A precise definition of resistance enhances its clinical application, especially in groups.