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Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...

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Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst

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Hunger and thirst are fundamental physiological drives crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the survival of both humans and animals. These drives are regulated through complex interactions between the brain, hormones, and sensory receptors.
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Regulation of the Digestive System

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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Age-associated changes of appetite-regulating peptides.

Saeko Akimoto¹, Kyoko Miyasaka

¹Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo Kasei University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan.

Geriatrics & Gerontology International

|July 2, 2010

Summary

Aging reduces appetite due to complex factors. This review examines how appetite-regulating peptides like cholecystokinin (CCK), orexin-A, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ghrelin change with age, impacting food intake.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Endocrinology

Background:

Aging is linked to decreased appetite and food intake.
This decline results from multifactorial peripheral and central mechanisms.
Appetite is regulated by various central mediators, including specific peptides.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms behind age-associated appetite reduction.
To analyze age-related changes in appetite-suppressing and stimulating peptides.
To elucidate the role of specific peptides in diminished food intake in aging.

Main Methods:

Examined age-associated changes in cholecystokinin (CCK), an appetite suppressor.
Assessed the enhanced sensitivity to CCK in aged animals.
Compared the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ghrelin in aged versus young subjects.

Main Results:

Cholecystokinin (CCK) sensitivity is enhanced in aged animals, though the mechanism remains unclear.
The study compared the appetite-stimulating effects of orexin-A, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ghrelin in the context of aging.
Age-associated changes in these key appetite-regulating peptides were investigated.

Conclusions:

Appetite regulation in aging is complex, involving altered peptide signaling.
Understanding these peptide changes is crucial for addressing age-related decreases in food intake.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of age-associated appetite decline.