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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
12:08

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Changes of telomere length with aging.

Kaiyo Takubo1, Junko Aida, Naotaka Izumiyama-Shimomura

  • 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan. takubo@tmig.or.jp

Geriatrics & Gerontology International
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Telomere shortening with age is observed in most human tissues, except the brain and heart. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) effectively measures telomere length in various tissues.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres, protective caps on chromosomes, shorten with cell division and aging.
  • Tissue-specific variations in telomere length and attrition rates are observed.
  • Understanding telomere dynamics is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodology and results of telomere measurements in human tissues.
  • To correlate telomere length with the aging process.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) method.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) was employed for telomere length measurement.
  • Telomere lengths were analyzed in various cell types within tissue sections.
  • A custom software program, "Tissue Telo", was utilized with PNA probes.

Main Results:

  • Human tissues generally exhibit telomere shortening with age, with exceptions in the brain and myocardium.
  • Yearly telomere length reduction rates in most tissues ranged from 20-60 bp, consistent with one round of mitosis.
  • A positive correlation was suggested between telomere length in one organ and that in other organs within the same individual.

Conclusions:

  • The Q-FISH method, particularly with the "Tissue Telo" software, is highly effective for measuring telomere lengths in tissue sections.
  • Telomere length is a dynamic biomarker influenced by age and tissue type.
  • Further research into organ-specific telomere dynamics can provide insights into aging.