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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Transdifferentiation-inducing HCCR-1 oncogene.

Seon-Ah Ha¹, Hyun K Kim, JinAh Yoo

¹Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Catholic Medical Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

BMC Cell Biology

|July 2, 2010

Summary

HCCR-1 drives cell transdifferentiation, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). This suggests HCCR-1 may regulate tissue development and cancer progression.

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Area of Science:

Cell biology
Developmental biology
Cancer research

Background:

Cellular phenotypes are plastic and can change through transdifferentiation.
The differentiated state of cells is not fixed and can be altered by molecular signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of HCCR-1 in cell transdifferentiation.
To explore HCCR-1's potential involvement in cancer stem cell transdifferentiation and tissue morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

Investigated HCCR-1's effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in human and mouse cells.
Observed expression of HCCR-1 during embryonic kidney development.

Main Results:

HCCR-1 induces EMT in human cells and MET in mouse cells.
CD117/c-Kit, a stem cell factor receptor, was upregulated in HCCR-1-induced transdifferentiated sarcoma tissues.
HCCR-1 expression was detected during embryonic kidney development, similar to MET.

Conclusions:

HCCR-1 acts as a key regulator in cell transdifferentiation processes.
HCCR-1 may play a role in stimulating epithelial or mesenchymal morphogenesis during neoplastic transformation.