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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Frost Resistant Concrete01:29

Frost Resistant Concrete

Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of entrained...
Frost Action on Concrete01:27

Frost Action on Concrete

Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units and sand dry and...
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.The Theory of Natural...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Frostbite in a Sherpa.

Bishnu Hari Subedi1, Jhapindra Pokharel, Rachana Thapa

  • 1Nepal International Clinic, Travel and Mountain Medicine Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. docbishnu@gmail.com

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frostbite affects high-altitude climbers, including Sherpas in Nepal. While not proven more susceptible, simple prevention techniques for hypoxia, hypothermia, and dehydration can benefit all high-altitude trekkers.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • * Altitude Medicine and Physiology
  • * Environmental Health Risks
  • * Climbing and Mountaineering Hazards

Background:

  • * High-altitude climbers frequently experience frostbite.
  • * Sherpas, indigenous to the Himalayas, often guide and assist climbers.
  • * Limited precautionary measures may increase frostbite risk among Sherpas.

Observation:

  • * A young Sherpa guide developed severe frostbite on his fingers after summiting Mt. Kanchenjunga.
  • * The individual experienced a positive recovery following treatment.
  • * The case highlights the potential risks faced by high-altitude guides.

Findings:

  • * No definitive evidence indicates Sherpas are inherently more prone to frostbite.
  • * The case underscores the severe impact of deep frostbite on extremities.
  • * Effective treatment led to a good recovery, suggesting manageability.

Implications:

  • * Implementing simple preventive measures against hypoxia, hypothermia, and dehydration is crucial for all high-altitude expeditions.
  • * Further research could explore specific physiological adaptations or risks in Sherpa communities.
  • * Raising awareness about frostbite prevention techniques can enhance climber safety in extreme environments.