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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Retrotransposition and genomic imprinting.

Michael Cowley1, Rebecca J Oakey

  • 1King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.

Briefings in Functional Genomics
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrotransposed imprinted genes offer simpler models for studying genomic imprinting mechanisms. These genes provide insights into DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation, aiding genetic research.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Large imprinted gene clusters like Gnas provide insights into genomic imprinting.
  • The complexity of these loci hinders experimental manipulation and interpretation.
  • Understanding imprinting mechanisms is crucial for developmental biology and disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review a distinct class of imprinted genes that arose via retrotransposition.
  • To highlight their potential as model systems for dissecting imprinting.
  • To discuss their significance in generating transcriptome diversity and evolutionary adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of retrotransposed imprinted genes.
  • Analysis of existing studies on imprinting mechanisms.
  • Comparative genomics and transcriptomics data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Retrotransposed imprinted genes represent a distinct class with unique characteristics.
  • These genes offer simplified models for studying imprinting establishment and maintenance.
  • They contribute to transcriptome diversity and provide substrates for natural selection.

Conclusions:

  • Retrotransposed imprinted genes are valuable models for understanding fundamental imprinting processes.
  • Their study can elucidate the roles of DNA methylation and transcription in imprinting.
  • These genes contribute to genetic novelty and evolutionary innovation.