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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Emerging viruses in transplantation.

Deepali Kumar1

  • 1Transplant Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Deepali.kumar@ualberta.ca

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging viruses like polyomaviruses and human herpesviruses pose significant risks to transplant recipients. Reducing immunosuppression is key to managing these viral infections when antiviral options are limited.

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Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
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Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System
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Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
11:18

Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus

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Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System
10:24

Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System

Published on: October 5, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Transplant recipients face increasing risks from viral infections.
  • Several viruses have recently gained importance in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on emerging viruses impacting organ transplantation.
  • To review current knowledge on viral pathogens in transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on viral infections in transplantation.
  • Analysis of emerging viral threats and their clinical significance.

Main Results:

  • BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is a major cause of kidney graft loss, with immunosuppression reduction showing benefit.
  • JC virus is linked to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, particularly with monoclonal antibody use.
  • Human metapneumovirus causes significant respiratory disease, while the role of bocavirus, KI, and WU viruses remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Polyomaviruses, human herpesviruses-6 and -7, and novel respiratory viruses are significant emerging threats in transplantation.
  • Limited antiviral options necessitate a primary therapeutic strategy of decreasing immunosuppression.