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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Cell Subtype-specific Analysis of Neuronal Membrane Proteasome in Somatosensory Neurons
09:27

Cell Subtype-specific Analysis of Neuronal Membrane Proteasome in Somatosensory Neurons

Published on: October 10, 2025

Tissue-type specific systemin perception and the elusive systemin receptor.

Sarah R Hind1, Robert Malinowski, Roopa Yalamanchili

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

Plant Signaling & Behavior
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Systemin, a plant defense peptide, is perceived in specific tissues, not by the BRI1 receptor in wild-type tomato cells. This finding clarifies systemin

Keywords:
BRI1BRLbrassinosteroidsprotoplastssysteminsystemin receptor

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Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones
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Cell Subtype-specific Analysis of Neuronal Membrane Proteasome in Somatosensory Neurons
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Published on: October 10, 2025

Intravital Two-Photon Imaging of Touch Sensory Axon Morphology in Mouse Skin
07:51

Intravital Two-Photon Imaging of Touch Sensory Axon Morphology in Mouse Skin

Published on: December 30, 2025

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones
10:25

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones

Published on: January 26, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Plant Defense Mechanisms
  • Signal Transduction

Background:

  • Systemin is a crucial wound-signaling peptide in tomato plants, mediating defense responses against herbivory.
  • The initial identification of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 as the systemin receptor was contradicted by genetic evidence.
  • The precise mechanism and location of systemin perception remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tissue-specific perception of systemin in tomato.
  • To clarify the role of BRI1 in systemin signaling.
  • To identify potential candidates for the elusive systemin receptor.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of systemin sensitivity in different tomato cell types (mesophyll protoplasts vs. others).
  • Evaluation of BRI1's interaction with systemin in wild-type versus transgenic plants.
  • Hypothesizing receptor localization based on prosystemin precursor distribution.

Main Results:

  • Mesophyll protoplasts demonstrated no sensitivity to systemin, unlike other elicitors.
  • Evidence suggests BRI1 may bind systemin inappropriately in transgenic plants but not in wild-type cells.
  • Systemin perception is localized in a tissue-specific manner, likely within vascular tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Systemin perception is not mediated by BRI1 in wild-type tomato mesophyll cells.
  • The systemin receptor is likely a BRI1-like protein specifically localized in vascular tissues.
  • Observed BRI1 binding in previous studies may be an artifact of overexpression systems.