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Oligosaccharide Assembly

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...

Polymers

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

Engineering nanoassemblies of polysaccharides.

Soheil Boddohi¹, Matt J Kipper

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|July 2, 2010

Summary

Polysaccharides

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Biochemistry

Background:

Polysaccharides possess significant biochemical and biomechanical properties.
Mammalian tissues feature polysaccharides with hierarchical structures at the nanometer scale.
Nanoscale organization dictates the biochemical function of polysaccharides.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the development of techniques for tuning polysaccharide assembly at the nanoscale.
To leverage biological nanostructures as inspiration for biomaterial design.
To investigate emergent biological properties from polysaccharide nanoassembly.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the polyelectrolyte nature of polysaccharides to control bottom-up assembly.
Developing novel techniques for nanoscale manipulation of polysaccharide structure and composition.

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ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly

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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly

Published on: April 17, 2014

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

Studying the relationship between nanoassembly and biological function.

Main Results:

Demonstrated methods to tune polysaccharide assembly at the nanoscale.
Created new polysaccharide nanostructures for various applications.
Enabled detailed study of emergent properties from nanoassembly.

Conclusions:

Polysaccharide nanostructures are crucial for advanced biomaterials.
Controlling nanoscale assembly unlocks new biochemical and biomechanical functionalities.
This research provides a foundation for innovative applications in medicine and biology.