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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes
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Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes

Published on: October 2, 2017

Interactions between cationic lipid bilayers and model chromatin.

Dan Lundberg1, Nikolay V Berezhnoy, Chenning Lu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cationic liposomes and nucleosome core particles (NCPs) primarily form lamellar structures, indicating DNA-lipid complex formation is thermodynamically favored. Dissociation of DNA from NCPs is driven by entropy, except at very low liposome charge densities.

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Chromatin Extraction from Frozen Chimeric Liver Tissue for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Analysis

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Published on: October 2, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nucleosome core particles (NCPs) are fundamental units of DNA packaging.
  • Cationic liposomes are widely used in gene delivery systems.
  • Understanding interactions between charged lipids and nucleosomes is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize complexes formed between cationic liposomes and NCPs or nucleosome arrays.
  • To investigate the thermodynamic favorability of DNA dissociation from NCPs upon interaction with liposomes.
  • To explore the influence of liposome charge density on these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Complex formation was studied using cationic liposomes with varying charge densities and NCPs or nucleosome arrays.
  • Structural characterization of the resulting complexes was performed.
  • Thermodynamic principles, particularly entropic contributions, were considered to explain observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Lamellar structures were predominantly observed, similar to those formed with pure DNA.
  • Thermodynamic analysis indicated a strong preference for DNA dissociation from NCPs/arrays to form DNA-lipid complexes.
  • This dissociation is mainly attributed to the entropic gain from counterion release.
  • At very low liposome charge densities, NCPs/arrays showed resistance to dissociation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a foundational understanding of liposome-nucleosome interactions.
  • Results suggest that DNA-lipid complex formation is generally favored over nucleosome integrity.
  • These findings serve as a reference for more complex biological system investigations.