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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Midfoot arthritis.

Amar Patel¹, Smita Rao, Deborah Nawoczenski

¹Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

|July 3, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Midfoot arthritis causes pain and disability, often from injury. While shoe inserts help stabilize the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints, surgical options for the lateral column remain debated.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Podiatry
Biomechanics

Background:

Midfoot arthritis significantly impacts patient mobility and quality of life.
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints are crucial for foot stability, balance, and load transmission.
Posttraumatic degeneration is the leading cause of midfoot arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology and management of midfoot arthritis.
To discuss the role of conservative and surgical interventions.
To highlight the challenges in treating lateral column midfoot arthritis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of midfoot arthritis.
Analysis of TMT joint biomechanics and function.
Evaluation of current treatment strategies.

Main Results:

Midfoot arthritis impairs load transmission from hindfoot to forefoot.
Nonsurgical management focuses on shoe modifications and orthotics for joint stabilization.
Surgical management, primarily arthrodesis, is common for the medial midfoot.

Conclusions:

Effective management requires balancing joint stabilization with functional preservation.
Optimal treatment for lateral column midfoot arthritis is an ongoing area of research and debate.